This Fish Ontology is an ontology created as how the author views the fish structure following the book "The Diversity of Fishes: Biology, Evolution and Ecology" as the main reference, which covers one part of view on ichthyology, with an emphasis on diversity and adaptation. This ontology is created with the mindset of categorizing fish automatically based on the attributes and terms mined from the fish specimen.
Most of the basic organization from this ontology follows Nelson's research due to its synthetic and broad approach, while recognizing that Nelson's conclusions are one of many alternative interpretations of the literature, which is mostly agreed by our main references, and many fish and fisheries researchers.
Most of the classification used in this ontology is in no means completed and just following the recent classification provided by the books
For now our work focused more on two group of fish which is early jawless fish, and advanced jawed fishes. The classification from both of this group are structured following the reference.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000267
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000301
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000200
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000229
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000084
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000138
Usually lies just posterior to the anus.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000396
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000487
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000261
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000491
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000490
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000347
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000247
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000087
Three sets of cartilage bones, one pair plus two median bones, form the cranial base, which is the paired lateral exoccipitals, the median basioccipital, and dorsal median supraoccipital. The only dermal bone is the median parasphenoid
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000213
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000350
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000021
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000069
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000265
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000243
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000497
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000353
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000038
Fish biological mass
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000429
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000499
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000505
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000492
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000275
Consist of four pair of gill arches, gill rakers, pharyngeal tooth patches, and supporting bones. All elements of the gill arch are cartilage bones but may have toothed dermal elements incorporated.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000032
Also known as Visceral Cranium, or splanchnocranium. Consist of a series of endoskeletal arches that formed as gill arch supports. It is dervied from splanchnic mesoderm.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000500
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000479
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000039
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000362
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000376
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000218
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000320
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000001
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000399
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000321
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000170
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000268
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000120
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000059
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000291
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000043
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000327
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000276
Is nonskeletal but striated and is found only in the heart. Cardiac, or heart muscle is dark red involuntary muscle. It is thickest in the walls of the ventricle.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000131
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000256
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000208
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000112
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000334
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000357
The tail of a fish is a complex of vertebral centra, vertebral accessories, and fin rays that have been modified during evolution to propel the fish forward in a linear fashion.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000101
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000089
There are seven principal muscles are involved in opening and closing the jaws, suspensorium, and operculum during feeding and breathing. The major muscdles are the adductor mandibulae, the levator arcus palatini, the dilator operculi, the adductor operculi, the levator operculi, the adductor arcus palatini, and the adductor hyomandibulae. In addition there are also pharyngeal muscles or retractores arcuum branchialium which funtion in operating the pharyngeal jaw.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000109
Derived from embryonic cartilaginous braincase. The chondrocranium of bony fishes is derived from cartilaginous capsules that formed around sense organs.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000355
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000104
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000183
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000493
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000174
This is universal common name
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000143
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000036
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000204
Were present in fossil coelacanths and fossil lungfishes. The scales of recent lungfishes are highly modified by loss of the dentine layer. Cosmoid scales are similar to placoid scales and probably arose from the fusion of the placoid scales.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000197
Catch per unit effort
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000452
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000360
Homologies of some fish skull bones are still debated
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000266
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000290
isdefinedby: Creek (stream), a type of stream (link kepada creek nye habitat, pastu letak kat annotation isdefinedby) isdefinedby: Creek (tidal), an inlet of the sea, narrower than a cove
A stream is a body of water with a current, confined within a bed and stream banks. Depending on its location or certain characteristics, a stream may be referred to as a branch, brook, beck, burn, creek, crick, gill (occasionally ghyll), kill, lick, mill race, rill, river, syke, bayou, rivulet, streamage, wash, run, or runnel. Streams are important as conduits in the water cycle, instruments in groundwater recharge, and corridors for fish and wildlife migration. The biological habitat in the immediate vicinity of a stream is called a riparian zone. Given the status of the ongoing Holocene extinction, streams play an important corridor role in connecting fragmented habitats and thus in conserving biodiversity. The study of streams and waterways in general is known as surface hydrology and is a core element of environmental geography.
A tidal creek, tidal channel, or estuary is the portion of a stream that is affected by ebb and flow of ocean tides, in the case that the subject stream discharges to an ocean, sea or strait. Thus this portion of the stream has variable salinity and electrical conductivity over the tidal cycle. Due to the temporal variability of water quality parameters within the tidally influenced zone, there are unique biota associated with tidal creeks, which biota are often specialised to such zones. Creeks may often dry to a muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but often with significant depth of water at high tide.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000191
Have simple marginal indentations and projections.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000445
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000108
Are almost completely dermal. There is no enamel-like layer except perhaps the ctenii (teeth on posterior border) and the most posterior and superficial ridges of the scale.
These types of scales evolved from ganoid scales by loss of the ganoine and thinning of the bony dermal plate.
Have ctenii formed as separate ossification distinct from the main body of the scale.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000242
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000225
Are almost completely dermal. There is no enamel-like layer except perhaps the ctenii (teeth on posterior border) and the most posterior and superficial ridges of the scale.
These types of scales evolved from ganoid scales by loss of the ganoine and thinning of the bony dermal plate.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000093
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000349
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000284
The Base DefinedTerm represents a class for constructing controlled vocabularies of defined terminology.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000099
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000374
Consist of dermal bones
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000338
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000209
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000125
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000132
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000003
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000114
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000160
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000005
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000387
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000215
Narrow bones, sometimes T-shaped, sometimes dentigerous.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000189
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000383
The muscles involved in electrogeneration are modified skeletal muscles. Fishes in six different evolutionary lineages have developed the ability to amplify the usual electical production associated wtith muscle contractions.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000368
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000501
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000417
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000220
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000451
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000007
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000444
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000035
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000136
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000260
Thin bones that roof the mouth. Also known as Mesopterygoids.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000011
Is ectodermal in origin.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000304
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000351
Is a short, thick -walled tube lined with stratified ciliated epithilium, mucous-secreting goblet cells, and, often taste buds.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000002
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000016
Remains variably cartilaginous even in adults of most teleosts, but there are also dermal elements fused to some of these bones. Two main sets of cartilage bones form the ethmoid region, which is the paired lateral ethmoids (or parethmoids) and the median chondral ethmoid (or supraethmoid). There are two sets of dermal bones in this region which is or the median often dentigerous (tooth bearing ) vomer, which may be absent in a few teleosts, , and the nasals which are lateral to ethmoid region.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000453
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000454
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000314
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000068
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000122
Fish that are categorized in this class is hypothesized or believed to be extint. This is because at the current time, not such finding of the species can be made. If in time it is found that the species is not extint, then species should be removed from this group.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000447
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000446
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000311
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000157
Extrinsic eye muscles move the eye within its orbit. Eye muscles are evolutionarily very conservative, in that most vertebrates have the same three pairs of these striated muscles.
Eyes muscles have been converted into two remarkable structures in fishes. An electric organ in the electric stargazer (Astroscopus, Uranoscopidae) and heater organs in two suborders of perciformes fishes (Xiphioidei and Scombroidei).
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000046
Quite far at sea but still close to the shore.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000319
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000123
Muscles are arranged in pairs at the bases of the dorsal and anal fins. Protractors erect the fins and Retractors depress the fins. In addition, lateral inclinators function to bend soft rays of the anal and second dorsal fins. For the paired fins, a single ventral abductor muscle pulls the fin ventrally and cranially. An opposing dorsal adductor muscle pulls the fin dorsally and caudally.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000328
"Fish" is singular and plural for a single species. Fish were the first vertebrates.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000009
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000406
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000223
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000004
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000460
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000424
The characteristic that is potrayed by fish in order to group them in their proper taxon
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000299
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000154
Fish early development stages -> mature
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000071
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000078
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000033
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000278
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000251
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000461
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000379
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000400
Linear, Asymptote
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000329
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000133
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000439
FO:0000439
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000367
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000096
The naming of each species is following Linnaeus's system referred as "Binomial Nomenclature", with two-part name based on genus (plural genera) and species (singular and plural, abbreviated sp., or spp., respectively)
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000422
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000212
Parameters and stuff needed to conduct the fish sampling experiment.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000061
Fish Sampling is an experiment done to sample fish in order to know its details. Sampling is undertaken to obtain information about characteristics of fish populations or communities, often in relation to the habitats they occupy. The characteristics that are of interest and the accuracy with which these must be estimated determine the sampling approach that is required.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000151
Sampling Parameter that is usually used by researchers when sampling a sample or specimen.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000164
Handle any terms that is related to status.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000152
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000013
Taxonomic characters can be meristic (countable), morphometric (measureable), morphological (including color),cytological, behavioral, electrophoretic, or molecular (nuclear or mitpchondrial)
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000155
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000199
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000168
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000216
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000502
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000124
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000201
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000052
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000248
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000231
Thin-walled temporary storage organ for the bile. It empties into the intestine near the pylorus by contraction of smooth muscles.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000072
Were present in primitive fossil actinopterygians and are found in Chondrostei. They are modified cosmoid scales, with the cosmine replaced by dentine and the surface vitrodentine replaced by ganoine, an inorganic salt secreted by the dermis. Ganoine is a calcified noncellular material without canals.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000510
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000150
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000302
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000025
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000354
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000182
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000503
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000407
As in tetrapods, the sexes in fishes are usually separate (dioecius), with males having testes that produce sperm and females have ovaries that produce eggs.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000504
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000192
A habitat is the actual location in the environment where an organism lives and consists of all the physical and biological resources available to a species. The collection of all the habitat areas of a species constitutes its geographic range.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000489
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000412
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000457
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000398
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000194
In most fish, the heart consists of four parts, including two chambers and an entrance and exit.[23] The first part is the sinus venosus, a thin-walled sac that collects blood from the fish's veins before allowing it to flow to the second part, the atrium, which is a large muscular chamber. The atrium serves as a one-way antechamber, sends blood to the third part, ventricle. The ventricle is another thick-walled, muscular chamber and it pumps the blood, first to the fourth part, bulbus arteriosus, a large tube, and then out of the heart. The bulbus arteriosus connects to the aorta, through which blood flows to the gills for oxygenation.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000121
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000176
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000288
A series of pair of bones that lie medial to the lower jaw and opercular bones and lateral to the branchiostegal rays that attach to them.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000107
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000485
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000344
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000080
A small arm of the sea, a lake, or a river.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000335
The integument is composed of the skin and skin derivatives, and includes scales in fishes and feathers and hair in birds and mammals. The integument forms an external protective structure parallel to the internal endoskeleteon and serves as the boundary between the fish and the external environment.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000156
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000377
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000318
Is the most ventral bone.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000044
Is lined with simple columnar epithelium and goblet cells. Usually no multicellular glands are present. The chief exception to this is Cods (Gadidae), which have small tubular glands in intestinal wall.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000346
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000408
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000389
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000022
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000088
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000246
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000230
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000098
The kidneys are one of the primary organs involved in excretion and osmoregulations. The kidneys are paired longitudinal structures located retroperitoneally (outside of the pritoneal cavity), ventral to the vertebral column.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000010
The Anabantoidei are a suborder of perciform ray-finned freshwater fish distinguished by their possession of a lung-like labyrinth organ, which enables them to breathe air.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000074
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000250
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000306
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000369
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000082
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000448
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000441
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000027
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000428
Are nonelastic strands of fibrous connective tissue that serve to attach bones and/or cartilages to one another.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000303
Liver and pancreas both participate in digestion. The liver develops as a ventral evagination of the intestine, as in other vertebrates.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000488
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000509
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000477
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000476
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000402
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000090
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000085
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000238
Forms the upper jaw. Composed entirely of dermal bones in bony fishes. Have 3 sets of bones, Premaxillae, Maxillae and Supramaxillae.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000305
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000464
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000411
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000135
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000336
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000063
Consist of the dorsal, anal, and adipose fins along the dorsal and ventral profiles of the fish. In Jawless fishes, cartilaginous rods support the median fins.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000205
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000073
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000258
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000233
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000372
Cartilage Bones, quadrangular-shaped, and articulating with the quadrate and hyomandibula
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000324
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000153
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000147
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000086
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000463
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000178
Analysis of differences is more complex than with meristic characters. Some morphometric characters are harder to define exactly, and being continous variables, they can be measured to different levels of precesion and so are less easily repeated. Furthermore there are the problem of allometry, where by lengths of different rates with growth.
Size factors have to be compensated for through use of such techniques as regression analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) so that comparisons can be made between actual differences in characters and not differences due to body size.
Principal component analysis (PCA) also adjusts for size, particularly if size components are removed by shear coefficients, as recommended by Humphries et al. (1981)
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000100
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000140
Mudflats or mud flats, also known as tidal flats, are coastal wetlands that form when mud is deposited by tides or rivers. They are found in sheltered areas such as bays, bayous, lagoons, and estuaries.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000498
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000188
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000262
Fish muscle is structurally similar to that of other vertebrates, and fishes possess the same three kinds of muscles, but differ in that a greater proportion (40-60%) of the mass of the fish's muscle is made up of locomotory muscle.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000366
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000141
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000113
At sea but quite close to the shore.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000442
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000221
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000259
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000054
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000207
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000312
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000028
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000506
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000045
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000079
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000317
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000449
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000352
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000405
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000297
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000195
Usually more or less rectangular and is usually the largerst and heaviest of the opercular bones. It has an anterior articulation facet connecting with hyomandibula.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000161
consist of four pair of wide, flat, dermal bones that form the gil covers, protect the underlying gill arches, and are involved in respiration and feeding.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000166
Composed of three sets of cartilage bones and two sets of dermal bones. Cartilage bone components include paired pterosphenoids (alisphenoids in earlier literature), the median basiphenoid, and sclerotic cartilages. The two set of dermal bones are the paired frontals and the circumorbitals.
Advance teleosts usually have infraorbital, lachrymal/preorbital, jugal/true suborbital, and the dermosphenotic bones/postorbitals. Many primitive teleosts also have an antorbital and a supraorbital
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000232
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000253
Many types of aquatic animals commonly referred to as "fish" are not fish in the sense that as paraphyletic groups are no longer recognised in modern systematic biology, the use of the term "fish" as a biological group must be avoided.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000380
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000358
Consist of five cartilage bones enclose each bilateral otic (ear) chamber inside the skull. There is only one pair of entirely dermal bones in the otic region which is the paired parietals.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000456
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000249
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000364
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000496
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000331
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000056
Cartilage bones that are frequently dentigerous. Also know as "Plowshare" bones.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000273
Consist of four pair of bones in the roof of the mouth.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000094
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000053
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000373
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000075
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000202
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000309
In rays, the pectoral girdle is attached to the fused anterior section of the vertebral column (synarchial condition) and also, by way of the propterygium of the pectoral girdle and antorbital cartilage, to the nasal capsules of the skull.
Unlike the condition in tetrapods, the pectoral girdle in bony fishes usually has no attachment to the vertebral column and instead attaches to the back ok the skull via the posttemporal bone. Rather than dividing bones into cartilage and dermal, as done for the skull, it seems more practical to present the bones in sequence from the skull to the girdle bones themselves.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000342
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000116
Usually not attached to the vertebral column in fishes as it is in tetrapods.
Pelvic fin rays are frequently loset , and in some cases such as eels (Anguilliformes), the neotenic South American Needlesfish (Belonion apodion), and puffers, the pelvic girdle has also been lost.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000298
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000359
Intermediate between red and white muscle in levels of myoglobin, giving it pink color. Like red muscle, pink muscle is used for sustained swimming and is recruited after red muscle but before white muscle.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000363
Characteristic of the Chondrichtyes, although they have more restricted distribution in rays and chimaeras than in sharks. This type of scales has been called "dermal denticle", but this is not the accurate terminology because there are both epidermal and dermal portions, as in mammalian teeth.
Each placoid scale consist of flattened rectangular basal plate in the upper part of the dermis, from which as protruding spine projects posteriorly on the surface.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000316
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000130
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000217
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000185
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000410
a measure of the number of organisms that make up a population in a defined area.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000184
refers to all or part of the skeleton apart from the skull
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000111
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000196
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000198
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000163
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000119
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000236
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000416
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000255
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000077
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000206
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000313
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000271
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000105
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000146
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000106
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000274
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000173
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000115
Fingerlike pouches that connect to the intestine near the pylorus, are often present. It may function in absorption or digestion.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000494
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000307
Attain adult body proportions, pigments, habits
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000413
Attain Juvenile body proportions, pigment, habits
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000283
Also known as hindgut, as not as well defined externally in fishes as it is in tetrapods. Generally, the muscles layer near the rectum is thicker than in anterior regions, and the number of goblet cells in the large intestine increase in rectal region.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000076
Usually forms a thin lateral superficial sheet under the skin between the epaxial and hypaxial muscle masses on each side of the fish. Red muscles is much better developed in muscles involved in sustained swimming, such as lateral red muscle in tunas and pectoral fin muscles in wrasses and parrotfishes.
Red muscle is hard to fatigue because it is highly vasculrized and therefore provided with a rich oxygen supply.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000286
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000285
Pleural ribs form in the peritoneal membrane and attach to the vertebrae, usually from the third vertebra to the last precaudal vertebra.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000269
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000481
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000081
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000244
Scales are the characteristic external covering of fishes.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000051
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000118
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000386
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000193
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000245
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000014
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000478
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000237
Also known as "Monorhina". The alternative name Monorhina refers to the single, median, slitlike opening, the nasohypophyseal foramen, in the anterior region of the head shield, associated with the pineal body.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000384
Is striated and compromises most of fish's mass, other than the skeleton.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000462
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000092
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000175
Is nonskeletal, involuntary, and mostly associated with the gut but is also important in many organs and in circulatory system.
Smooth muscles line the walls of the digestive tract. They are arraged in bundlesmof longitudinal and circular muscles that work in opposition to one another to permit peristaltic transport of food.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000062
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000165
Soft anatomy include include the muscles, cardiovascular system, alimentary canal, gas bladder, kidneys, gonads, and nervous system.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000179
Fish sonic muscles are fastest muscles in vertebrates (Parmentier et al., 2006). They are specialized fast contracting striated muscles.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000034
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000060
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000137
Species diversity is a measure of the diversity within an ecological community that incorporates both species richness (the number of species in a community) and the evenness of species' abundances. Species diversity is one component of the concept of biodiversity.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000211
Species evenness refers to how close in numbers each species in an environment are. Mathematically it is defined as a diversity index, a measure of biodiversity which quantifies how equal the community is numerically.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000391
Is the number of different species represented in an ecological community, landscape or region. A count of species, and it does not take into account the abundances of the species or their relative abundance distributions. Takes into account both species richness and species evenness.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000126
Fish specimen. Each specimen of fish is related to species.
an individual animal, plant, piece of a mineral, etc., used as an example of its species or type for scientific study or display.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000219
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000390
Have spines continous with the main body of the scales.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000420
A sort of a spiral staircase inside the intestine.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000415
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000117
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000064
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000167
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000431
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000308
Is lined with columnar epithelium with mucous-secreting cells and one type of glandular cell that produces pepsin and hydrochloric acid. Although usually a fairly simple structure, evolutionary modifications of the fish stomach haveled to unusual functions.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000020
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000495
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000142
Maybe change to PrimaryDevelopmental Stages Subdivisions
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000393
Is the inermost and most posterior element. It overlies parts of the other three opercular bones.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000047
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000326
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000224
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000162
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000058
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000279
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000414
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000480
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000388
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000270
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000110
Following IUCN Redlist Threat Category
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000127
Following IUCN Redlist Threat Index
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000419
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000159
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000023
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000037
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000040
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000172
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000440
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000190
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000333
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000048
A fold in the intestinal walls.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000395
Vertebrae which arise and form around the notochord where muscular myosepta intersect with dorsal, ventral, and horizontal septa.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000008
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000382
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000015
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000450
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000443
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000055
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000128
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000345
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000325
Makes up the majority of the postcranial body of most fishes. It is used anaerobically in short-duration, burst swimming but fatigues quickly.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000139
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000296
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000375
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000222
Yield per unit effort
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#ZFA_0100000
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#ZFS_0100000
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000433
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000483
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000330
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000263
has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000343
has characteristics: functional, inverse functional, symmetric
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000097
has characteristics: functional, inverse functional, symmetric
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000049
has characteristics: functional, inverse functional
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000425
This property allows instances of FO Entity to be associated with any instances of FO Entity.
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000018
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000310
has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000158
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000426
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000348
has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000459
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000437
has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000171
has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000235
has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000438
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000455
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000458
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000473
has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000240
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000432
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000234
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000012
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000091
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000264
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000180
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000083
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000144
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#FO_0000042
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#citation
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#commentSource
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#contributor
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#definition
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#definitionSource
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#description
IRI: http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasAlternativeId
IRI: http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref
IRI: http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOWL#hasExactSynonym
IRI: http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasExactSynonym
IRI: http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasOBONamespace
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#has_obo_namespace
IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon#has_rank
IRI: http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasRelatedSynonym
IRI: http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasSynonymType
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#is_ancient_species
IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/vto#is_extinct
IRI: https://w3id.org/dsablum/FishOntology#modified
This HTML document was obtained by processing the OWL ontology source code through LODE, Live OWL Documentation Environment, developed by Silvio Peroni.
Also known as alimentary tract, or digestive tract.